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61.
European intercomparison on electron spin resonance identification of irradiated foodstuffs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
J. RAFFI † M. H. STEVENSON M. KENT J. M. THIERY J.-J. BELLIARDO 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》1992,27(2):111-124
The results of a co-trial organized by the Community Bureau of Reference on the use of Electron Spin Resonance spectroscopy for the identification of irradiated food in 21 laboratories are presented. The trial was qualitative on beef and trout bones, sardine scales, pistachio nut shells, dried grapes, and papaya, and quantitative on poultry bones. There was no difficulty in identifying irradiated meat bones, dried grapes, and papaya. In the case of fish bones there is a need for further kinetic study on different species. Identification of irradiation in pistachio nuts is more complicated and additional research is needed before further trials. All laboratories were able to distinguish between chicken bones irradiated at 1 to 3 kGy or 7 to 10 kGy although there was a partial overlap between the results. 相似文献
62.
Improved Estimates for the Accuracy of Small Disjuncts 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Learning systems often describe a target class as a disjunction of conjunctions of conditions. Recent work has noted that small disjuncts, i.e., those supported by few training examples, typically have poor predictive accuracy. One model of this accuracy is provided by the Bayes-Laplace formula based on the number of training examples covered by the disjunct and the number of them belonging to the target class. However, experiments show that small disjuncts associated with target classes of different relative frequencies tend to have different error rates. This note defines the context of a disjunct as the set of training examples that fail to satisfy at most one of its conditions. An empirical adaptation of the Bayes-Laplace formula is presented that also makes use of the relative frequency of the target class in this context. Trials are reported comparing the performance of the original formula and the adaptation in six learning tasks. 相似文献
63.
G. Cortelazzo G. A. Mian R. Rinaldo 《Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing》1992,3(2-3):131-160
Spectrum analyzers are ubiquitous in laboratory work concerning one dimensional signals. This is because linear operators are best examined in the frequency domain. Linear operators, such as linear filters, DCT coders, line shufflers, etc., dominate also the video systems scenario. Their frequency domain study is as appropriate and informative as it is in the case of their one-dimensional counterparts. This paper considers the problems associated with the introduction of two well-known spectral estimation techniques, the periodogram and AR estimates, to the context of television signals. The potential for application of spectral estimation to video problems is exemplified by a number of applications related to the fields of enhanced quality television and HDTV. Special attention is paid to the computational aspects, whose effective solution conditions the practical applicability of the proposed spectral estimation techniques.R. Rinaldo is currently at the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the University of California, Berkeley. 相似文献
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66.
Shumin Zhai Jing Kong Xiangshi Ren 《International journal of human-computer studies》2004,61(6):823-856
Pointing tasks in human–computer interaction obey certain speed–accuracy tradeoff rules. In general, the more accurate the task to be accomplished, the longer it takes and vice versa. Fitts’ law models the speed–accuracy tradeoff effect in pointing as imposed by the task parameters, through Fitts’ index of difficulty (Id) based on the ratio of the nominal movement distance and the size of the target. Operating with different speed or accuracy biases, performers may utilize more or less area than the target specifies, introducing another subjective layer of speed–accuracy tradeoff relative to the task specification. A conventional approach to overcome the impact of the subjective layer of speed–accuracy tradeoff is to use the a posteriori “effective” pointing precision We in lieu of the nominal target width W. Such an approach has lacked a theoretical or empirical foundation. This study investigates the nature and the relationship of the two layers of speed–accuracy tradeoff by systematically controlling both Id and the index of target utilization Iu in a set of four experiments. Their results show that the impacts of the two layers of speed–accuracy tradeoff are not fundamentally equivalent. The use of We could indeed compensate for the difference in target utilization, but not completely. More logical Fitts’ law parameter estimates can be obtained by the We adjustment, although its use also lowers the correlation between pointing time and the index of difficulty. The study also shows the complex interaction effect between Id and Iu, suggesting that a simple and complete model accommodating both layers of speed–accuracy tradeoff may not exist. 相似文献
67.
准连续波体制雷达最大熵方法的算法选择 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
准连续体制作为一种新型雷达体制以其固有的优越性给雷达界带来了巨大的冲击。其数字信号处理系统的开发是进一步完善该体制雷达的关键。本文针对数字信号处理系统中最大熵谱外推电路的算法选择进行了研究。 相似文献
68.
Marcio Schwaab 《Chemical engineering science》2006,61(17):5791-5806
Model discrimination procedures are useful tools for selection of the best mathematical models to be used to represent a specific chemical process. The present paper presents and discusses a new sequential discrimination procedure, which makes use of model probabilities and concentrates the efforts on models with higher probabilities. Model probabilities are determined based on simple statistical arguments. Four numerical examples illustrate the application of the proposed discrimination procedure. The obtained results indicate that the new procedure is able to discriminate kinetic models with fewer experiments when compared to other procedures and also indicates when model discrimination is not possible and, thus, when the sequential design must be halted. Furthermore, the speed of the proposed discrimination procedure can be controlled by tuning a design parameter which reflects the analyst's mood (confidence) towards the discrimination problem and allows for increase or decrease of the number of experiments required for model discrimination during the sequential procedure. 相似文献
69.
R. B. Shaevich 《Measurement Techniques》2006,49(1):75-81
Versions are suggested for resolving the problem of monitoring the accuracy of determining small amounts of components in
samples of substances and materials.
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Translated from Izmeritel'naya Tekhnika, No. 1, pp. 52–57, January, 2006. 相似文献
70.